缅甸蒲甘古城_北京外宾旅游攻略！

蒲甘(Bagan)是缅甸（Myanmar)中部一座古老的城市，2019年被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。缅甸（Myanmar) 历史上的阿奴律陀（Anawrahta）国王率兵征战，在蒲甘建立了缅甸（Myanmar) 历史上第一个包括缅、掸、孟等民族的统一的封建王朝，于1044年定都蒲甘，这就是著名的蒲甘王朝 Bagan Kingdom (849–1297)。

在11世纪至13世纪王国的鼎盛时期，仅在蒲甘平原就修建了一万多座佛教寺庙、宝塔和修道院，其中有2200多座寺庙和宝塔的遗迹留存下来。

Old Bagan 蒲甘古城

根据缅甸编年史，蒲甘建立于公元二世纪，并在公元849年由早期蒲甘王朝（尚未统一）第34位国王继承人披因比亚国王（King Pyinbya）开始在蒲甘筑城防御。

但主流学者认为蒲甘是在9世纪中后期由南诏国（738年-902年）进入伊洛瓦底河谷（ the Irrawaddy valley ）的缅甸人建立的。蒲甘一直是几个骠国（Pyu city-states）相互争夺的城邦之一。直到10世纪后期，缅甸人在蒲甘的定居地变得越来越权威和宏伟，这种威胁蒲甘的争夺才平息。

蒲甘古城位于缅甸首都内比都（Naypyitaw）西北270公里处（google）

According to the Burmese chronicles, Bagan was founded in the second century AD, and fortified in 849 AD by King Pyinbya, 34th successor of the founder of early Bagan.

Mainstream scholarship however holds that Bagan was founded in the mid-to-late 9th century by the Mranma (Burmans), who had recently entered the Irrawaddy valley from the Nanzhao Kingdom. It was among several competing Pyu city-states until the late 10th century when the Burman settlement grew in authority and grandeur. （wikipedia.org）

Naypyitaw 内比都

缅甸首都Naypyidaw官方正式的拼写是 Nay Pyi Taw 发音为[nèpjìdɔ̀]，字面意思是：Royal Capital 京都，皇家都城，也是是第三大城市。这座城市不属于任何一个州或地区。

2005年11月6日，这座城市正式取代仰光（Yangon）成为缅甸的行政首都;它的官方名称在2006年3月27日的武装力量日向公众公布。

Temples of Bagan 蒲甘寺庙

There are still around 2,000 ruined and relatively intact temples, stupas and pagodas to be seen on the plains of Bagan today. They are all protected as part of the Bagan Archaeological Zone and have become one of Burma's most significant cultural sites.

Some are solid stupas that were used for commemorative reasons, others are hollow gu style temples that were mainly used for meditation.

Gawdawpalin Temple （嘉德帕林寺，见图右面）Image Credit: theatlantic.com

Bagan stands out not just because of the quantity of monuments but also the quality, intricacy and artistic designs on the brick and gilded architecture.

This is testament to the skills and knowledge of the Burmese craftsmen and architects who constructed virtually everything by hand.