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turtleneck (NORTH AMERICAN)
polo neck (BRITISH)
a high, close-fitting, turned-over collar on a garment, typically a shirt or sweater
高领套头衫 ; 高领套毛衣

When the disgraced health entrepreneur Elizabeth Holmes was indicted on fraud charges for her lab-testing company Theranos last year, much of the media discussion rested not on her alleged corporate recklessness and staggering abuses of trust, but on her sartorial choices: black jackets, black slacks, and -- most importantly -- black turtlenecks.

chequered (US)
checkered (UK)
adjective
having had both successful and unsuccessful periods in your past; marked by periods of varied fortune or discreditable incidents.
成败参半的；盛衰多变的

"I probably have 150 of these (black turtlenecks)," she said of them back in Glamour magazine in 2015. "(It's) my uniform. It makes it easy, because every day you put on the same thing and don't have to think about it -- one less thing in your life." Holmes's statements would ultimately come back to bite her, summing up her checkered business career in microcosm: style over substance, image projection over integrity.

channel
verb [T] (ACT LIKE)
to behave like or copy another person, so that you almost seem to be that other person; emulate or seem to be inspired by
模仿（某人的举止等）

Trivial as it seems, that detail seemed to shed light on her character. According to one former employee, Holmes's taste in sweaters was a conscious channeling of the late Apple supremo Steve Jobs, who was rarely pictured without one of the many black Issey Miyake turtlenecks he owned.

unfussy
unfussiness
not fussy; casual, undemanding, uncomplicated,
不挑剔, 随意, 不苛求, 简单，

His maverick reputation was associated with his trusty wardrobe staple, his black turtlenecks projecting a cool intellect and general unfussiness.

prig
a person who obeys the rules of correct behaviour and considers himself or herself to be morally better than other people; a self-righteously moralistic person who behaves as if superior to others.
一本正经的人；自命清高的人 ; 自以为是的道德主义者，表现得好像比别人优越。

priggish
like a prig; self-righteously moralistic and superior.
自以为是的；一本正经的

The turtleneck's appeal rests largely on what it is not: It makes the classic shirt-and-tie combination look priggish and the T-shirt appear formless and slobbish, hitting that otherwise inaccessible sweet spot between formality and insouciance (indifference).

embryonic
adjective /ˌem.briˈɑː.nɪk/
starting to develop; in a rudimentary stage with potential for further development.
萌芽期的；刚起步的；未成熟的

But by the dawn of the 20th century, European proto-bohemians were already seeing possibilities in the garment's elegant functionality, which chimed harmoniously with embryonic modernist design ideals.

preppy
1. noun [ C ] mainly US (also preppie)
a young person from a rich family who goes to an expensive school and who wears expensive, tidy clothes
（上私立学校的）富家子弟

2. adjective
being a style in dress or mode; relating to or being a style of dress characterized especially by classic clothing and neat appearance
一种服装风格，尤指以经典的服装和整洁的外表为特征的

Andy Warhol adopted the black turtleneck as his signature look, pairing it with shades and a floppy wig. It was arguably the most effective makeover in art history; his pre-fame attire consisted of preppy suits and ties.

hubris
noun [ U ]/ˈhjuː.brɪs/
a way of talking or behaving that is too proud
骄傲自大

In the 1997 movie "Tomorrow Never Dies," Jonathan Pryce's character, a Murdoch-like media mogul, sports a black turtleneck in almost every scene; the look stands in for his hubris, megalomania and fatal overestimation of his intellectual abilities.

frippery
noun [ C or U ] disapproving
a silly decoration or other unnecessary object; showy or unnecessary ornament in architecture, dress, or language.
俗丽的装饰品；无用的物件

In both compositional and sartorial senses, Pankok's choice of clothing foregoes the extraneous frippery of the era's fashions -- shirt collar, jacket, necktie -- and leaves us to contemplate the essentials of the painting and its subject's features.

备注：以上单词来自原文：How the black turtleneck came to represent creative genius .