乌鲁鲁:您应该攀登澳大利亚的神圣巨石吗?

 admin   2019-09-27 14:48 
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Uluru: Should you climb Australia's sacred monolith?

乌鲁鲁:您应该攀登澳大利亚的神圣巨石吗?

CNN   Chantal Abitbol • 2017年7月12日发布

Related Content
Safety chain to come off Uluru as rock climb closes in Australia
随着澳大利亚乌鲁鲁巨石攀岩的关闭,安全链将从巨石上拿走

(CNN) — Famed for its ever-changing red hues against the backdrop of Australia's central desert, the towering sandstone monolith, Uluru, is a popular draw card for tourists.

(CNN)——以其不断变化的红色色调与澳大利亚中部沙漠的背景相映衬而闻名,高耸的砂岩巨石——乌鲁鲁,是吸引游客的热门景点。

Otherwise known by its colonial name of Ayers Rock, the UNESCO World Heritage site-- located 450 kilometers west of Alice Springs -- is climbed by more than 100,000 people every year.

这座联合国教科文组织世界遗产位于艾丽斯斯普林斯以西450公里处,每年有超过10万人攀登。

But the pastime is becoming less popular because of cultural and safety concerns.

但出于文化和安全方面的考虑,这种消遣方式越来越不受欢迎了。

It has long enraged local Aboriginals -- the Anangu people. They say the site is sacred and have called for the climb to be banned since Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park was placed in their hands in 1985.

长期以来,这激怒了当地原住民——阿南古人。他们说,这个地方是神圣的,自从1985年乌鲁鲁-卡塔丘塔国家公园被他们接管以来,他们一直呼吁禁止攀登。

An Anangu elder, Barbara Tijkadu, has a message for those who climb: "That's a really sacred thing that you are climbing ... You shouldn't climb. It's not the real thing about this place."

一位名叫芭芭拉·蒂卡杜(Barbara Tijkadu)的阿南古老人对登山爱好者说:“你们正在攀登的是一样神圣的东西,你正在攀登的是一件非常神圣的事情你们不应该攀爬,这不是这个地方的真实事物。”

She hopes: "All the tourists will brighten up and say, 'Oh I see. This is the right way. This is the thing that's right. This is the proper way: no climbing.' "

她希望:“所有的游客都会高兴起来,说,‘哦,我明白了。这是正确的方法。这是对的。这是正确的方法:不要攀爬。’”

A government source at the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park cultural center said: "If you climb, you only respect your right to climb. People either climb Ayers Rock (the colonial name for the monolith) or walk around Uluru."

乌鲁鲁-卡塔楚塔国家公园文化中心的一位政府消息人士说:“如果你爬山,你只尊重你的登山权利。人们要么爬艾尔斯岩(巨石的殖民地名称),要么绕着乌鲁鲁走,二选一”。

There are also environmental and safety concerns. Park officials say the climbing path has been worn down by the constant tread of tourists, with erosion changing the face of Uluru. A lack of toilets and bins on top also means waste left behind by tourists is affecting nearby waterholes.

还有环境和安全方面的担忧。公园官员说,由于游客不断的踩踏,这条攀登路线已经被磨损,侵蚀改变了乌鲁鲁的面貌。厕所和垃圾桶的缺乏也意味着游客留下的垃圾正在影响附近的水坑。

Meanwhile, the climb is steep, slippery and combined with soaring Australian temperatures can be extremely dangerous. According to the park's website, 36 people are now known to have died climbing Uluru since records began in 1958.

与此同时,攀爬线路是陡峭、湿滑,再加上澳大利亚气温的飙升,游客可能会遭遇危险。据该公园网站称,自1958年有记录以来,已有36人在攀登乌鲁鲁时死亡。

Because of these issues the park released a draft proposal in 2009 that recommended a blanket ban on climbing. But it failed to get government backing, with politicians arguing such a ban would hurt the local tourism industry.

由于这些问题,公园在2009年发布了一份建议草案,建议全面禁止登山。但它没有得到政府的支持,政客们认为这样的禁令会损害当地旅游业。

Debate also raged when Australian football personality Sam Newman was photographed hitting a golf ball off the rock and another man was pictured naked on top.

澳大利亚足球明星萨姆·纽曼被拍到从岩石上打高尔夫球,而另一名男子被拍到赤裸上身,这也引发了激烈的争论。

The incidents outraged Aboriginals all over again, across the country.

这些事件再次激怒了全国各地的土著居民。

"It makes us feel pretty sad," said Mick Mundine, the chief executive of the Sydney-based Aboriginal Housing Company. "We are the first people of Australia, but we still don't got the recognition and respect of our culture."

“这让我们感到非常难过,”总部位于悉尼的原住民住宅公司首席执行官米克·穆丁(Mick Mundine)说。“我们是澳大利亚的原住民,但我们的文化仍然没有得到认可和尊重。”

Under the terms of the lease the Anangu elders granted to the national park was a 22.5% slice of all revenues passed on to the indigenous community. There are also concerns within the community of what would happen to those funds if the climb was banned.

根据租约条款,被授予国家公园的阿南古长老们在公园全部收入中提取其中的22.5%转拨给土著社区。如果禁止攀登,这些资金会发生会怎样呢?

Under that lease, the right to climb expires in 2020, and the national park is currently recruiting a professional to oversee the closure of the climb. If the climb is permitted beyond this date, the lease would have to be renegotiated.

根据租约,攀爬权将于2020年到期,国家公园目前正在招募一名专业人士来监督关闭攀爬的事宜。如果允许在此日期之后继续攀升,租约将不得不重新谈判。

A 'once-in-a-lifetime experience'

千载难逢的体验

People who climb Uluru say it is an unforgettable experience -- but at what cost?

Chris Jackson/Getty Images AsiaPac/Getty Images

攀登乌鲁鲁(Uluru)的人们说,这是一次难忘的经历-但是要付出什么代价?

克里斯·杰克逊/盖蒂图片社AsiaPac /盖蒂图片社

For now, tourists are still permitted to climb. Despite locals' protests and safety concerns, thousands make the trek to the top of the 348-meter high rock each year.

目前,游客仍然允许攀登。尽管当地居民抗议并担心安全问题,但每年仍有数千人跋涉至348米高的巨石顶端。

For Nicole Clarke, 37, a personal assistant from Sydney, the decision to climb in 2009 wasn't one that she took lightly. She had been warned about the cultural issues, but in the end her curiosity won out.

37岁的妮可克拉克(Nicole Clarke)是悉尼的一名私人助理,她对2009年的登山决定并不掉队。她曾被警告过文化问题,但最终她的好奇心胜出了。

"When I arrived there were a lot of people climbing the rock, they all looked like ants on a hill," she said. "I spoke to my grandmother and she had climbed the rock 20 years before and thought it was an amazing thing to do. I didn't want to be a sheep and follow the flock, but I thought one more person isn't going to make much of a difference.

“当我到达的时候,有很多人在爬岩石,他们看起来都像山上的蚂蚁,”她说。“我和我的祖母谈过,她在20年前就爬过这块石头,她觉得这是一件了不起的事情。我不想做一只羊,随波逐流,但我想再多一个人也不会有多大的不同。

She says there is "something spiritual" about being on top and looking out onto the sweeping desert: "There is a sense of calmness when you are up there."

她说,站在山顶上眺望广阔的沙漠,有一种“精神上的东西”:“当你高高地站立在那里时,会有一种平静的感觉。”

She doesn't regret her decision. "The climb was more challenging than I originally thought. Once on top of the rock, the view was breathtaking. I am pleased I did it ... but to what cost to the Aborigines, I don't know."

Aboriginal leaders gather at Uluru to decide how to change Australia

她不后悔自己的决定。“这次攀登比我原先想象的更具挑战性。一登上岩石,景色就令人叹为观止。我很高兴自己做到了……但是土著人为此付出了什么代价,我不知道。”

原住民领袖聚集在乌鲁鲁,决定如何改变澳大利亚

Alternatives to climbing

选择攀爬

Alternatively, visitors can enjoy Uluru via Aboriginal-guided tours.

Mark Kolbe/Getty Images AsiaPac/Getty Images

另外,游客可以通过原住民向导游览乌鲁鲁。

Mark Kolbe /盖蒂图片社AsiaPac /盖蒂图片社

Even so, it appears the proportion of visitors who climb has dropped over the years. The park estimates that around 38% of visitors climb each year, down from 74% in 1990. Reasons for the drop included deference to local culture, as well as lack of interest in climbing and safety concerns.

尽管如此,近几年来,攀爬游客的比例似乎在连年下降。据该公园估计,约38%的游客会每年攀爬,低于1990年的74%。下降的原因包括对当地文化的尊重,以及对攀岩缺乏兴趣及对安全的担忧。

For those who aren't ready to step on any cultural toes, or who are just scared of heights, there are other ways to experience the famed rock.

对于那些还没准备好踩踏上“文化脚趾”的人而言,或者对于那些单纯恐高的人而言,还有其他的方式来体验这块著名的岩石。

Several operators in the area that offer Aboriginal-guided tours without having to climb the rock.

该地区的几家旅行社提供土著导游服务,无需攀爬岩石。

Tours include walking expeditions to explore rock formations and Aboriginal art sites around the base, escorted by local guides and an interpreter.

在当地导游和一名翻译的陪同下,游客可以徒步探险,探索基地周围的岩层和土著艺术遗址。

Travel consultant Claire Howarth, 30, from Peterborough, England, is among those who recently visited the site and opted for an Aboriginal-guided tour around the base with a tour group, Adventure Tours.

来自英国彼得堡的30岁旅游顾问克莱尔·豪沃思(Claire Howarth)是最近参观过基地的游客之一。他们选择了原住民导游的“冒险旅行团“,在基地周围游玩”。

"I just didn't want to be disrespectful," she said. "There are plenty of other things that I could go climb. It probably would be fantastic to see the view from up there, but I can go and climb a mountain that isn't sacred to someone."

“我只是不想失礼,”她说。“还有很多其他的东西我可以去爬。从那里看风景可能会很棒,但我可以去爬一座对某些人来说并不神圣的山。”

It took her about two-and-a-half hours to walk the 9.4-kilometer, oblong-shaped rock, and she says she enjoyed the experience.

她花了大约两个半小时才走完这块长9.4公里的长方形岩石,她说她很享受这次经历。

"I had just imagined this round rock, but there are loads of different parts to it," she said. "There's a waterfall that comes off from one part. It's not necessarily flat, and there are lots of crevices to walk. At the time, I though it would have been quite cool to climb it.

她说:“我只是想象了这块圆形的石头,但它有很多不同的部分。”“有一个瀑布从一个地方流下来。它不一定是平的,而且有很多裂缝可以走。当时,我想爬上去一定很酷。

"But I thought, no, climb something else."

  • “但是我想,不,爬别的东西。”

Uluru fact sheet   乌鲁鲁概况介绍

Uluru is the second largest monolith on Earth after Mt. Augustus in Western Australia.

TORSTEN BLACKWOOD/AFP/AFP/Getty Images

Uluru在西澳大利亚州仅次于Mt. 奥古斯都。TORSTEN黑木/ AFP / AFP /盖蒂图片社

The climb is always closed overnight, from 8 a.m. during December, January and February, or if the temperature exceeds 36 degrees celcius.

在12月、1月和2月的早上8点前,或者气温超过36摄氏度的时候,登山道关闭。夜间登山道不开放。

The climb may also be closed when rain is forecast or 20% of the rock is covered in water, or   It may also be closed due to rescue operations or for cultural mourning purposes.

假如预报有雨,或者20%的岩石被水浸泡,攀登道也有可能会关闭。遇有救援或文化祭奠活动,攀登道也有可能关闭。

Many travelers fly into Alice Springs Airport and bus services to Uluru depart from Alice Springs.

许多旅客乘飞机进入艾丽斯斯普林斯机场,再转乘坐公共汽车从艾丽斯斯普林斯出发前往乌鲁鲁。

Air services also go to Ayers Rock Airport, near the resort town, Yulara.

航空服务也提供给度假小镇尤拉拉附近的艾尔斯洛克机场。

Editor's note: This article was previously published in 2011. It was reformatted, updated and republished in 2017

编者按:本文发表于2011年。它在2017年进行了重新格式化、更新和再版

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