Description: Manchu (满族) has a long history, which could be traced back to 7,000 years ago. Blackwater Mohe is viewed as the immediate ancestor of Manchu, developing into Jurchen later. Manchu is the only ethnic minority that once set up the dynasty in China’s inner plain twice. The 6th census evinced that Manchu has a population of 10410585, mainly distributing in Northeast China and North China.
They mainly gather in 10 Manchu Autonomous County including Yitong, Xinbing, Qingyuan, Benxi, Xiuyan, Kandian, Huanren, Kuancheng, Fengning and Qinglong. More than 300 Manchu township are established in Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Anhui, etc..
Language: Manchu language belongs to the branch of Man-Tungusic language under the Altaic family.
Religion: Manchu once believed in Shamanism (“Shaman” means “crazy people” in Tungusic language). The sacrifice is in various ways according to the difference of wealth and identity. In Qing Dynasty, some of Manchu have faith in Buddhism and Kwanwoo, however, their sacrifice was still in the way of Shaman that was different from other nations.
Clothing Culture: Manchu clothing is the precursor of chi-pao. At that time, chi-pao was wide and fat, convenient for hunting on horse. Mandarin jacket was matched with chi-pao in winter, convenient to ride horses. Afterwards, chi-pao for female became more well-fitting, while those for male turned into long gowns. The shoe of Manchu femal is also extremely characteristic. It is named pot bottom shoe in common. The heel made of wood arises from the midst with a height of 10 mm. The vamp had dainty embroidery.
Food Character: In daily life, Manchu people prefer to eat millet and steamed bun stuffed with sweetened bean paste. On Chinese New Year’s Eve, they usually boiled streaky pork.
Physical Culture: The traditional sports is mostly relevant with hunting, such as weight lifting, wrestling, horse-vaulting, skating, etc..
Crafts: Manchu prefer to sticking paper-cutting on windows as decoration. Colorful papers are cut into various birds, animals, flowers and figures of ancient and modern. Paper-cutting in Northeast China such as Anning, Hailun, Dongliao, etc enjoy a high reputation in the whole country.
Custom and Festivals: Manchu attaches importance to formality. In the past, the younger generation must greet elder every three days and kowtow every five days.
The main traditional festivals of Manchu include the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, the Double Second Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Day. During the festival, some traditional sports such as pearl ball, horse-vaulting, camel-vaulting and skating are held.
Sophie
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